Journal «MEDICINA» 4/2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a complex chronic disease resulting from a lot of factors, including insulin resistance. One of the causes of the insulin resistance is the presence of chronic inflammation. This study aimed to analyze polymorphisms of genes of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors (the gene coding tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B TNFRSF1B, the genes coding A and B subunits of interleukin 12 IL12A, IL12B) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with T2D in Tatars. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs568408 in IL12A (P_FDR=0.00005, OR=5.28) was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Regression analysis revealed that rs3212227 in IL12В was associated with the glycated hemoglobin HbA1c level and fasting blood glucose (Р=0.0017 and Р=0.03, respectively).

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammation, C-reactive protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines

The article deals with the problems and prospects of applying information technologies in healthcare in Russia. The general model of information technologies, problems and ways of dealing with the restrictions from Western IT companies are highlighted. In view of the digitalization of the healthcare system in our country, the article discusses the need to ensure the continuity and independence from external influence of information technology systems in its full cycle: from client terminals, communication systems, to data storage and processing servers. The most important factor that allows us to speak with confidence about the development of specialized IT solutions in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation is an effective state policy in ensuring the digitalization of the economy: national projects, government programs, changes in legislation, roadmaps for achieving key indicators.

Key words: healthcare, artificial intelligence, technologies, remote technologies, medicine, assistance, rehabilitation

Background. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in children. Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the development of diabetes and its complications. Aim of the study. To analyze markers of OS in children with newly diagnosed and chronic course of type 1 DM. Materials and methods. The study included 73 children aged 3 to 17 years. The study group consisted of 49 patients with type 1 DM, the control group included 24 children (apparently healthy children). The study group was split into 2 subgroups depending on the duration of the disease: 1 subgroup – children with newly diagnosed type 1 DM, 2 subgroup – children with a chronic course of DM. All children had their blood sampled to assess the following OS markers: 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; Pg/ml); 8-isoprostane (8 IS; Pg/ml); malondialdehyde (MDA; Ng/ml); advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPx10; Ng/ml). Statistical processing of data involved the use of the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results. Significant differences in the average values of OS markers between patients with type 1 DM and control group were revealed. The average levels of 8 IS – 89.53 [81.96-106.4] Pg/ml were significantly higher in the study group, compared with the control – 78.21500 [65.235-88.135] Pg/ml (p=0.0006), as were the average levels of 8-OHdG – 480.3 [413.8000-560.3000] Pg/ml in the study group; 417,9000 [361,7500-460.7] Pg/ml – in the control group (p=0.01). The maximum values were found in the levels of 8 IS and 8-OHdG, in the group of children with chronic type 1 diabetes: 510.1 [440.9-594.4] Pg/ml (p =0.0053) for 8-OHdG and 95.59 [86.32-197.5] Pg/ml (p=0.0001) for 8 IS. The average levels of MDA and AOPP did not show significant differences between the study and the control groups. Conclusion. Patients with type 1 DM have distinct manifestations of OS. These manifestations are most pronounced in the group of patients with chronic type 1 DM.

Key words: type 1 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, children and adolescents, isoprostane, malondialdehyde

Current methods of studying the angle of the anterior chamber (AAC) make it possible to visualize the structure and anatomical features of the AAC in various modes with high accuracy. In addition, visualization of the AAC in various ways helps to choose the treatment tactics for a patient with complicated cataract combined with lens subluxations. Aim. To compare current methods of visualization of the anterior chamber angle structures and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages in patients with different variants of its structure and features. Material and methods. The study involved 10 patients (10 eyes) who underwent a diagnostic examination using the Anterion OCT device (Heidelberg), the GS-1 electronic gonioscope (NIDEK-CO, LTD), and also performed ultrasound biomicroscopy using the Accutome device (USA) in the Orenburg branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. Results. After a detailed examination of the AAC before and after surgery using modern imaging techniques, the advantages and disadvantages of the abovementioned devices were revealed. Conclusion. The complex application of the presented methods of AAC visualization will allow a qualitative and detailed assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the results of surgical treatment of glaucoma.

Key words: anterior chamber angle, imaging techniques, GS-1 gonioscope

The State Pharmacopoeia XIV edition sets a number of requirements for the quality of medicinal plant raw materials, including their safety. The determination of safety indicators is necessary to establish a likely threat to the health of patients, as well as the admissibility of the use of medicinal plant raw materials in medical practice. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop methods for determining safety indicators for heavy metals and pesticides in Mentha asiatica herb, recommended for introduction into medical practice on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan, using modern instrumental methods of analysis. To determine heavy metals and trace element composition, the methods of atomic absorption spectrometry, stripping voltammetry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry were used, and their results were compared. Organochlorine pesticides were determined by gas-liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The herbal raw material complies with pharmacopoeial safety requirements, the results of atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry are comparable to the results of stripping voltammetry. Thus, in the analysis of Asian mint herb recommended for introduction into medical practice, the developed methods for determining heavy metals and pesticides, based on modern instrumental methods, may be applied.

Key words: safety indicators, atomic absorption spectrometry, inversion voltammetry, Mentha asiatica, atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma, heavy metals, pesticides, gas-liquid chromatography

The article provides a comparative analysis of certain epidemiological indicators of COVID-19 for the period 2020 and 2021 in certain countries of Western Europe and the Russian Federation. Indicators analyzed were the level of general morbidity, the rate of increase in cases per day, the level of hospitalization. the number of recovered and the mortality rate.

Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, European Union countries, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Russian Federation, Russia, statistics, pandemic

The decayed component was the most prevalent (DFT = 2.08) and the Significant Caries Index (SiC) was 5.54 double, showing polarization of dental caries in the studied population. After adjusting for appropriate covariates, preschool children of age 5 and 6 years old were more likely to have decayed tooth: adjusted OR = 3.02, (95% CI =2.01–4.54) and adjusted OR = 2.23, (95% CI = 1.55–3.20) respectively. Preschool children without visible plaque on the buccal surface of upper anterior teeth were less likely to have decayed teeth: adjusted OR = 0.21, (95% CI = 0.09–0.45)]. Regarding measurements of oral health-related quality of life using the MOHRQoL, only preschool children who reported on ‘Do your teeth hurt you now?’ and ‘Do kids make fun of your teeth?’ were more likely to have a decayed tooth – adjusted OR = 1.74, (95% CI = 1.12–2.71) and adjusted OR = 1.87, (95% CI = 1.11–3.15)], respectively.

Key words: dental caries, oral health related quality of life, pre-school children