Journal «MEDICINA» 3/2021

The article examines the results of a three-year monitoring of public opinion on public awareness about measures to reduce the prevalence of tobacco consumption in the Russian Federation, which was conducted on the basis of Internet surveys (SLOP research) using a questionnaire developed in accordance with the objectives of the study in 2019-2021. The questionnaire also included questions about the knowledge of the respondents about the prohibition of the sale and using of tobacco and nicotine-containing products in public places, as well as about the sources of information they noticed. The purpose of the monitoring was to identify trends and new trends in tobacco and nicotine consumption, knowledge of tobacco control measures and information sources of the population. This article describes a study of the dynamics of awareness among survey respondents about bans on the sale and use of tobacco and nicotine-containing products in public places, and also analyzes the sources of information that respondents noticed.

Key words: tobacco, nicotine, consumption of tobacco products, consumption of nicotine-containing products, dynamics of tobacco consumption in the Russian Federation, monitoring of tobacco consumption, survey on tobacco consumption, consumption of tobacco and nicotine among young people, consumption of electronic cigarettes, consumption of vapes, a ban on smoking tobacco in public places, a ban on using of nicotine-containing products in public places, a ban on the sale of nicotine-containing products, informing about bans on smoking tobacco

The aim. To analyze the morbidity data with a first-time diagnosis, to evaluate the results of medical examination of the older than working age population, depending on the place of residence in the Russian Federation for 2015-2019. Material and methods. To study morbidity with a first-time diagnosis, including those identified during medical examination, by classes of diseases in the population older than working age (women aged 55 and older, men – 60 years and older), depending on the place of residence, we analyzed data from Federal statistical observation forms №№ 12 and 1201 «Information on the number of diseases registered in patients residing in the service area of a medical organization» for 2015-2019. Evaluation of the results of the medical examination of urban and rural dwellers older than working age, was based on the information from the federal statistical observation forms №№ 30 and 30-village «Information about the medical organization» for the 5-year study period. The methods used: statistical, analytical. Results and discussion. The nationwide primary morbidity rate for the older than working age population, both for urban and rural dwellers for the period 2015-2019 practically did not change. The main causes for the primary morbidity of the population older than working age were respiratory diseases, trauma, poisoning and some other consequences of external causes, diseases of the circulatory system, genitourinary system, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, eyes and their accessory apparatus. When conducting a medical examination of the older than working age population, depending on their place of residence, first-time diagnosed were every fourth disease of the endocrine system, nutritional disorders and metabolic disorders (obesity, etc.), every sixth to seventh disease of the blood, hematopoietic organs and individual disorders involving the immune mechanism (anemia), every seventh (in the rural setting – the ninth) disease of the circulatory system (hypertensive heart disease, etc.). During the study period, with the split by health groups of the entire older than working age population who underwent medical examination, a decrease in the proportion of people who were assigned to groups I and II (by 2,8 and 5,7% respectively) was noted due to the increase in the proportion of people assigned to group III (by 10,3%), among urban dwellers – by 3,0, 6,1 and 10,7%, respectively, rural dwellers – by 2,2, 4,7 and 9,0% respectively. Conclusions. In the Russian Federation, for 5 years, there has been an increase in the proportion of older than working age people who have been assigned to health group III and need additional examination, require dispensary observation by a doctor-therapist and specialist doctors together with carrying out medical, preventive and rehabilitation measures.

Key words: primary morbidity, medical examination, patient older than working age, disease class, health group, place of residence

The article presents the results of a study carried out in relation to the epidemic situation in terms of the incidence of one of the topical representatives of tick-borne natural focal infections among the population of the Altai Territory in the period from 2000 to 2019 – tick-borne rickettsiosis and tick-borne encephalitis. An assessment of the prevalence of these infections among certain age and social groups of the region's population is presented. Using GIS technologies and the method of sigma deviations, the spatial prevalence of current infections in the territory of the region was estimated and regions with high, medium and low, for the Altai Territory, incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne rickettsiosis during the study period were identified. The results of the assessment of preventive measures carried out in the region aimed at reducing the incidence of current infections among the local population – vaccine prophylaxis, seroprophylaxis and acaricidal treatments of territories are presented.

Key words: tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne viral encephalitis, tick-borne rickettsiosis, Siberian tick-borne typhus, natural focal infections, endemic territories, tick-borne infections, natural focal infections

The paper considers the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of detecting diseases by reducing the duration of the periods between observations of patients’ health. The methodological basis of the study was the analysis of scientific publications, generalized practical experience and process modelling. The paper proposes indicator – critical time of disease detection, that provides a given treatment efficiency. It is shown that the period of regular clinical examination, which is fixed for a large contingent of patients, does not allow for timely detection of a significant group of diseases. There is a problem of coverage with more frequent observations of patients with possible signs of diseases that have a short critical observation period. As a promising way to solve this problem, the use of home telemonitoring of health status in the delayed time mode is proposed. A method for selecting indicators for additional monitoring has been determined. It has been shown that home monitoring can significantly improve the quality of early diagnosis and the effectiveness of subsequent treatment.

Key words: diagnosis of diseases, observation period, clinical examination, treatment efficiency, home monitoring, delayed mode, mathematical modeling

Sample stability is essential for reliable results in clinical laboratory practice. The aim of the work was to investigate the change in values of hematological indices in samples stored for up to 72 hours under different temperature regimes. A total of 60 whole blood samples stored under different conditions were analyzed: at room temperature (25°C), heated to 35°C and cooled to 4°C. Analysis was performed at different time points: immediately after blood sampling and then consecutively after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. K₂EDTA anticoagulant tubes were used, and results were obtained using a UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer. The median shift of the parameters relative to baseline for each combination of time and temperature was assessed using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. The shift in hemogram values obtained using Bland-Altman plots was compared with the maximum permissible error specified in the quality specification for the desirable error. Hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin content and platelet content were stable for at least 72 hours at all temperatures used in the experiment. For the other tested parameters, the first unacceptable changes in hemogram values were observed after 3 hours when the samples were stored at 25°C and 35°C. In samples cooled to 4°C, the first statistically significant differences were recorded after 6 hours. As a result, storage of samples for 72 hours at room temperature led to reliable unacceptable changes in 6 hemogram parameters of the 11 studied, at 4°C 5 parameters changed unacceptably, and at 35°C – 7 parameters. The obtained results, on the one hand, indicate that when analyzing the results of hematological tests is performed with a delay after sample collection, changes in hematological parameters should be considered; on the other hand, they provide information about the list of parameters subject to temperature-time changes, as well as about the intensity of these changes.

Key words: stability of samples, storage conditions, hematological tests, hematological analyzers

The article describes the first and modern devices for the study of temperature, their principles of operation and the prospects for the development of medical thermometry in clinical practice, along with the use of information technologies, their advantages and disadvantages. The prospects for the use of thermometry using remote methods of recording temperature, wearable devices, the Internet of medical things, telemedicine, big data for patients in rehabilitation at home as part of continuous monitoring of the state of health are considered. The article emphasizes the importance of measuring body temperature by remote thermometry as one of the main diagnostic markers of infection during the pandemic of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Also, the importance of thermometry for the timely appointment of antipyretic therapy, control over the course of various diseases and the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment is considered.

Key words: healthcare, thermometry, technology, remote sensing technologies, medicine, internet of things, IOMT, rehabilitation, COVID-19

The problem of combined HIV infection and TB has a high medico-biological, medico-social and medico-economic significance, which has been steadily growing lately. At the same time, this variant of infectious comorbidity is an interdisciplinary problem of international dimension. This analytical article summarizes both the data presented in the literature and the results of our own research. To improve the current state of this problem, in our opinion, it is extremely important to take measures to increase the alertness of primary care physicians to the possibility of such comorbidity, the level of knowledge in the field of phthisiology, epidemiology, clinical pharmacology, the active use of methods for determining the sensitivity of mycobacteria to anti-tuberculosis therapy, including express molecular genetic analysis, increased patient compliance. Only close cooperation of health professionals and their coordinated activities can help to reduce the spread of HIV infection and tuberculosis and reduce epidemiological tension.

Key words: HIV-infection, tuberculosis, comorbidity, anti-tuberculosis therapy, antiretroviral therapy

The prevention and the therapy of such diseases as atherosclerosis, hepatitis, and cancer is nowadays one of the most significant medical problems. Dodecyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide was synthesized at the chair for chemistry of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University. This substance is a new promising phenolic antioxidant, which can be used in the complex therapy of abovementioned diseases. The aim of this study was to develop methods for quantification of dodecyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide for standardization and bioanalytical studies. The mercurimetric titration, HPLC-UV and voltammetry were used. The methods validation was performed according to general pharmacopoeial monograph OFS.1.1.0012.15 «Analytical methods validation» and OFS.1.1.0013.15 «Statistical processing of chemical experiment results» of the Russian State Pharmacopoeia XIV. All the results meet the acceptance criteria in parameters specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The mercurimetric titration of dodecyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide is recommended for including in chapter «Assay» of the original monograph project for substance. The HPLC-UV method may be useful for the determination of the object of study in dosage forms. The voltammetric method is promising for bioanalytical researches.

Key words: dodecyl(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, quantitative determination, standardization, titration, HPLC, voltammetry