Authors
Miroshnichenko I. V.
Professor, Principal1
Treushnikov V. M.
General Director2
Chuprov A. D.
Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Director3
1 - Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Orenburg State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Orenburg, Russia
2 - JSC Reper-NN
3 - S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Orenburg branch
Corresponding Author
Chuprov Alexander Dmitrievich; e-mail: nauka@ofmntk.ru
Funding
The study had no sponsorship.
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Abstract
The permeability of cell membranes in the crystalline lens, as with all other cells, with respect to polar molecules and ions is determined by their sorption coefficients in the membrane matrix, assuming that the viscosity remains constant under all conditions that do not lead to cell death. Unfortunately, there are external factors leading to aging of the matrix and to the viscosity increase. The resistance to the viscosity increase in the matrix is associated only with the reaction of the formation of lipids with unsaturated fatty acids (FA) catalyzed by desaturases. The presence of desaturases in the cell membranes together with coenzymes leads to the formation of continuous cycles that prevent aging of the matrix. Two types of desaturases are possible and, accordingly, there are two types of cycles that lead to cell division, while others do not. All the cycles are aimed at maintaining the mobility of the agents and viscosity in the matrix. In nonproliferating cells, the mobility of desaturase remains constant as long as the membranes have lipids with saturated FA. In these cells, lipids with unsaturated fatty acids up to 30-70% accumulate in the membranes, which inevitably ends with the formation of cataract. In cycles associated with the division of crystalline lens cells, not only the recovery of agent mobility and viscosity in the matrix is observed, but also the content of lipids with saturated fatty acids in the membranes, allowing for unending cell division. Naturally, the process keeps the living systems young, but if it does not stop, it can be the cause of formation and growth of cancer tumors. There is a need to regulate this process, one of the mechanisms of which is determined by a change in water balance in the lens, associated with selectiveness of membrane permeability and the presence of water flows, depending on the chemical potential in them in relation to the external environment.
Key words
crystalline lens, matrix, desaturase, fatty acids, cataract
DOI
References
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