Authors
Pavlinova E. B.
Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head, Department of Hospital Pediatrics1
Sahipova G. A.
Pulmonologist, Head, Paediatrics Departmentdoctor-pulmonologist, head of paediatric Department; Postgraduate21
1 - Omsk State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health
2 - Nizhnevartovsk city children's clinic Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District
Corresponding Author
Sahipova Gulnara Adievna; e-mail: ms.sakhipova@mail.ru
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Funding
The study was carried out with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the research project No. 18-015-00219 A.
Abstract
Currently, children's respiratory diseases, accompanied by bronchial obstruction syndrome, rank at one of the first places in the structure of respiratory diseases. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an acquired chronic obstructive pulmonary disease developing because of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants and/or artificial lung ventilation (ALV), accompanied by hypoxemia and bronchial hyperreactivity. The maximum incidence of BPD is observed in children with very low birth weight, who required ALV [4,6,7]. There are three distinguished severity degrees of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: light, medium, heavy. When determining the severity of BPD is not enough to consider only data on the duration of oxygen support, it is also necessary to take into account the infant’s bodyweight at birth, the presence of comorbidities and complications. The development of BPD is facilitated by many factors: immaturity of pulmonary tissue, surfactant deficiency, exposure to high concentrations of oxygen during ALV, pulmonary edema, aspiration syndrome, shunt from left to right with an open aortic duct [9,10,13,15]. Predisposing factors are bacterial pneumonia, intrauterine infection, pulmonary edema, fetal hypoxia [10,11]. Currently, there is a marked increase in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to the growing number of premature infants. Early diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, timely treatment at an early stage, the correct management tactics of such cases reduces the risk of complications of the disease [5,8,14,17]. At present, the problem of assessing the survival rate of children with very low birth weight, the frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and the algorithm of patient management remains highly relevant [11,19]. There is no accurate data on the quality of life and long-term effects after bronchopulmonary dysplasia, reliable prognostic data and the outcome of BPD [20,21]. The article presents results of clinical and instrumental research of respiratory organs of children with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Comprehensive clinical and functional evaluation of lung respiratory functions in children from 3 to 10 years after BPD of varying severity is given, based on body plethysmography, CT, spirography. Methods of prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, causing chronic lung diseases, are proposed.
Key words
extremely low birth weight, premature births, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, pneumofibrosis
DOI
References
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